Extracting limonene from oranges

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This experiment demonstrates the extraction of plant oils. The experiment also links for tests for unsaturation, and at a higher level, chirality.

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Extracting limonene from oranges by steam distillation
Experiment | PDF, Size 84.54 kb

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This practical is part of our Chemistry for Non-Specialists collection.

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Level

Use

Specification

Scotland
- Higher
  - SQA Chemistry
    - 2. Nature's chemistry
      - (h) Fragrances
        Essential oils are concentrated extracts of the volatile, non-water soluble aroma compounds from plants. They are mixtures of many different compounds. They are widely used in perfumes, cosmetic products, cleaning products and as flavourings in foods.
Wales
- A/AS level
  - WJEC Chemistry
    - Unit 4: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS
      - 4.8 Organic synthesis and analysis
        (b) principles underlying the techniques of manipulation, separation and purification used in organic chemistry
      - 4.1 Stereoisomerism
        (c) optical isomerism in terms of an asymmetric carbon atom
Northern Ireland
- GCSE
  - CCEA Double award science
    - Unit C2: Further Chemical Reactions, Rates and Equilibrium, Calculations and Organic Chemistry
      - 2.5 Organic chemistry
        2.5.16 determine the presence of a C=C using bromine water;
  - CCEA Chemistry
    - Unit 2: Further Chemical Reactions, Rates and Equilibrium, Calculations and Organic Chemistry
      - 2.5 Organic chemistry
        2.5.16 determine the presence of a C=C using bromine water;
- A/AS level
  - CCEA Chemistry
    - Unit A2 1: Further Physical and Organic Chemistry
      - 4.6 Isomerism
        4.6.2 recall that asymmetric (chiral) centres give rise to optical isomers that exist as non-superimposable mirror images;
    - Unit AS 2: Further Physical and inorganic Chemistry and an Introdution to Organic Chemistry
      - 2.4 Alkenes
        2.4.2 recall the qualitative test for alkenes using bromine water;

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