Chemistry for the gifted and talented: covalent bonding

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This activity seeks to develop an understanding of covalent bonding in terms of energetic stability rather than full shells.

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Covalent bonding
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Republic of Ireland
- Leaving Certificate
  - Chemistry
    - 1. Periodic table and atomic structure
      - 1.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms
        Depth of treatment
        Energy levels in atoms.
    - 2. Chemical bonding
      - 2.1 Chemical Compounds
        Depth of treatment
        Bonding and valency in terms of the attainment of a stable electronic structure. Octet rule and its limitations.
      - 2.3 Covalent Bonding
        Depth of treatment
        Covalent bonding as the sharing of pairs of electrons. Single, double and triple covalent bonds.
        Activities
        Representation of covalent bonds using dot and cross diagrams.
England
- A/AS level
  - Edexcel Chemistry
    - Topic 2: Bonding and Structure
      - Topic 2A: Bonding
        7. know that a covalent bond is the strong electrostatic attraction between two nuclei and the shared pair of electrons between them
  - OCR Chemistry A
    - Module 2: Foundations in chemistry
      - 2.2 Electrons, bonding and structure
        2.2.2 Bonding and structure
        d) covalent bond as the strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Scotland
- National 5
  - SQA Chemistry
    - Chemical changes and structure
      - Atomic structure and bonding related to properties of materials
        Covalent bonding
        Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms.
        A covalent bond forms when two positive nuclei are held together by their common attraction for a shared pair of electrons.
        Diagrams can be drawn to show how outer electrons are shared to form the covalent bond(s) in a molecule.
Wales
- GCSE
  - WJEC Chemistry
    - Unit 2: CHEMICAL BONDING, APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS and ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
      - 2.1 BONDING, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
        (e) electronic structure in explaining how covalent bonds are formed (and how this is represented using dot and cross diagrams)
  - WJEC Combined science
    - Unit 5: Chemistry 2
      - 5.1 BONDING, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
        (e) electronic structure in explaining how covalent bonds are formed (and how this is represented using dot and cross diagrams)
Northern Ireland
- A/AS level
  - CCEA Chemistry
    - Unit AS 1: Basic Concepts in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry
      - 1.3 Bonding
        1.3.3 explain that a covalent bond is the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms;

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