All Johnstone's model articles

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Concentration of acids | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Learners connect their understanding of dissolved ions, concentration and how chemicals are labelled with this single-page worksheet

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Determining unknown concentration | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Guide learners to connect their thinking about calculating unknown concentrations following a titration

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Concentration and moles | Developing understanding | 14–16 years

Support learners to develop secure mental models of how concentration is measured and calculated in mol/dm³

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Relative atomic mass of boron | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Use Johnstone’s triangle to help learners think about relative atomic mass and the abundance of different isotopes

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Fertiliser yield | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Help learners calculate the actual and theoretical yield of ammonium sulfate using Johnstone’s triangle

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Sodium and chlorine reaction | Johnstone’s triangle | 11–14 years

Strengthen learners’ understanding of the connection between word equations and chemical reactions 

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Balancing chemical equations using magnesium and oxygen | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Introduce Johnstone’s triangle with these teacher notes and a student worksheet to help learners gain a deeper understanding of balancing chemical equations 

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Moles of xenon | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Introduce Johnstone’s triangle as a method of calculating the number of moles of xenon from a given volume of gas

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Moles of gold | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Connect macroscopic, sub-microscopic and symbolic understanding of calculations involving moles and mass with Johnstone’s triangle

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Iron and sulfur reaction | Johnstone’s triangle | 11–14 years

Develop understanding of reactants and products at different conceptual levels using an iron and sulfur reaction as an example

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Balancing chemical equations using hydrogen and oxygen | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Introduce Johnstone’s triangle to help learners gain a deeper understanding of balancing chemical equations

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Concentration of sodium hydroxide | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Think about sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at a macroscopic, sub-microscopic and symbolic level

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Extracting tin from tin oxide | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years

Introduce calculations using reacting masses in the context of extracting tin from tin oxide 

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Diffusion and chemical reactions | Developing understanding | 11–14 years

Use this worksheet to deepen understanding of diffusion and chemical reactions and how these processes are represented 

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Diffusion and dissolving | Developing understanding | 11–14 years

Deepen learners’ understanding of diffusion and dissolving with this worksheet exploring different conceptual levels of thinking

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Diffusion of colour in water | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 11–14 years

Use this worksheet to develop learners’ understanding of diffusion as they observe coloured dyes diffusing in water

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Melting and boiling | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 11–14 years

Develop learners’ understanding of melting and boiling with this worksheet, including a teacher demonstration for learners to observe

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Melting and boiling points | Developing understanding | 11–14 years

Deepen understanding of melting and boiling points and how these are represented at different conceptual levels of thinking

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Dissolving salt | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 11–14 years

Use this worksheet to develop learners’ understanding of solutions as they observe how salt and sand behave in water

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Solutions | Developing understanding | 11–14 years

Encourage learners to deepen their understanding of solutions and how they are represented at different conceptual levels of thinking