All Resource articles – Page 84

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On This Day – Aug 28 : Worcester sauce made

Lea and Perrins sauce is still manufactured at the Midlands Road factory in Worcester, where production first began. In 1916 Perrins used some of the profits to found the Dyson Perrins organic chemistry laboratory at Oxford University.
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On This Day – Sep 28 : Metre was defined

One metre was defined as the distance between two lines on a standard bar of an alloy of platinum (Pt) with 10% iridium (Ir), measured at the melting point of ice. The original international prototype of the metre is still kept at the BIPM, Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, in Sèvres, France.
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On This Day - Oct 28 : Christopher Ingold was born

He was one of the leading figures in British chemistry and his aim was to understand the mechanism of organic reactions. He also contributed to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, which is used to name the stereoisomers of a molecule.
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On This Day - Nov 28 : Royal Society was founded

The Royal Society is a learned society, and the oldest scientific academy. The mission of the Royal Society is “to recognise, promote and support excellence in science and to encourage the development and use of science for the benefit of humanity.”
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On This Day - Dec 28 : Dewar gave lecture on air

Air, gaseous and liquid were a series of six well-illustrated lectures given by the Scottish physical chemist. For example, some of the air in the room was liquefied in the presence of the audience and it remained so for some time, when enclosed in a vacuum jacket.
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On This Day - Feb 29 : Bohr issued bowl of balls

Danish physicist Niels Henrik David Bohr made fundamental contributions to the understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.
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On This Day - Mar 29 : New electron microscope

This electron microscope enabled atoms to be seen for first time. Advances in imaging have allowed materials to be probed with astonishing resolution using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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On This Day - Jun 29 : Peter Waage was born

Waage discovered the Law of Mass Action with Cato Guldberg. This law relates the rate of a chemical reaction to the concentration of the reactants, and has become the basis for determining reaction rate constants.
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On This Day – Aug 29 : Meitnerium synthesised

Meitnerium was first synthesised in Darmstadt, Germany. It is believed to be the heaviest element in group 9 of the periodic table, but it is incredibly unstable and very little is known about its chemical properties.
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On This Day – Sep 29 : CERN was established

The organisation runs the world’s largest particle physics laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland. In September 2011 CERN scientists reported that some particles appeared to be travelling faster than light, although it’s now thought that the experiment was flawed.
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On This Day - Oct 29 : Cloud seeding

Cloud seeding disperses substances such as dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) into the air to serve as nucleation particles around which water molecules condense. It is used to increase rain or snowfall, or in this case it was used to extinguish a forest fire.
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On This Day - Nov 29 : Iodine was discovered

The discovery was made during the process of producing potassium nitrate for gunpowder and was made public in a meeting of the Imperial Institute of France. Its name is derived from the Greek ‘iodes’ meaning violet.
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On This Day - Mar 30 : The first anaesthetic used

American surgeon Crawford Long encouraged his patient to inhale ether during a medical procedure to remove a neck tumour. This marked the beginning of the use of anaesthesia during surgeries.
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On This Day - Apr 30 : Discovery of the electron

Thomson was studying the properties of cathode rays, and found that they were over 1,000 times lighter than the hydrogen (H) atom and that they were the same mass irrespective of the parent atom. He called these particles “corpuscules”, but scientists later dubbed them “electrons”.
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On This Day - May 30 : Krypton was discovered

Krypton (Kr) was discovered by William Ramsay and Morris Travers. Its name is derived from the Greek “kryptos”, meaning hidden. Krypton is one of the rarest gases in the Earth’s atmosphere, accounting for only 1 part per million by volume.
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On This Day – Jul 30 : John Antoine Chaptal died

He authored the first book on industrial chemistry, and coined the name “nitrogen”. Chaptal also helped improve the technology used to manufacture sulfuric acid, saltpetre for gunpowder, beetroot sugar and wine, amongst other things.
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On This Day – Aug 30 : Jacobus van't Hoff was born

He was the first person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Van’t Hoff was a pioneer in chemical kinetics, reaction equilibria and stereochemistry. He also helped to found the discipline of physical chemistry.
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On This Day - Nov 30 : Smithson Tennant was born

He discovered iridium (Ir) and osmium (Os), the latter named for the unpleasant odour of some of its compounds (from the Greek word ‘osme’ meaning odour). He also proved that diamonds are pure carbon.
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On This Day - May 31 : Louis Ignarro was born

Ignarro was co-awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 for the discovery that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signalling molecule, controlling the expansion and contraction of blood vessels.
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On This Day – Jul 31 : Gene therapy in USA

Gene therapy uses DNA to treat disease, usually by replacing a faulty gene with a healthy copy. Recent clinical studies suggest this technique holds promise for the future treatment of Parkinson’s disease.