All Johnstone's model articles
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Improve students’ understanding with Johnstone’s triangle
Make abstract ideas concrete by linking macroscopic, submicroscopic and symbolic representations
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Covalent bonding | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of covalent bonding, including symbolic models and how macroscopic properties relate to the type of bonding
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Metallic bonding | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of metallic bonding, including symbols and diagrams and how macroscopic properties relate to the type of bonding
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Carbon allotropes | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of carbon allotropes, from sub-microscopic structures to macroscopic properties
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Ionic bonding | Johnstone’s triangle worksheets | 14–16 years
Use these worksheets to develop learners’ understanding of ionic structures and bonding, including symbols and diagrams and how macroscopic properties are related to bonding
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Support students to make sense of models
How your subject knowledge and teaching knowledge combine to transform students’ understanding
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Escape the classroom: and try microscale chemistry
Escape room puzzles based on simple microscale reactions for students
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Using student-generated animations to assess conceptions
Harness the power of PowerPoint when teaching molecular motion to identify misconceptions and help students better understand the sub-microscopic world
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Researchers find metacognition aids sub-microscopic understanding
Get research-based tips for improving your students’ sub-microscopic understanding of particle models
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4 ways to boost students’ understanding of organic chemistry
Alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters don’t have to be difficult – try these practical tips in your classroom
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5 ways to explain electrolysis
From building good foundations to memorising the rules, these tips will help your students grasp this tricky topic
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5 practical ideas for using Johnstone’s triangle
How to help your students link conceptual levels
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Students’ struggle with multiple representations
How important is it for students to be able to move between chemical representations to grasp fundamental chemical concepts and phenomena?
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Develop deeper understanding with models
How to bridge the gap between the ‘seen’ science and the ‘unseen’ explanation
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Making practical work more effective
Microscale chemistry and well-ordered teaching sequences reduce cognitive overload