All Resource articles – Page 77

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On This Day - May 08 : Thomas Hancock was born

He founded the rubber industry, inventing a machine that could work rubber scraps into blocks. Hancock also worked with Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist and inventor of a waterproof rubber-impregnated fabric.
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On This Day - Jun 08 : Neptunium discovered

Neptunium (Np) was synthesised by Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson, who bombarded uranium (U) with neutrons to cause nuclear fission. Neptunium is rare in nature and is only made artificially from spent uranium rods in nuclear reactors.
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On This Day – Jul 08 : Jason Cardelli detection

Interstellar space refers to the areas between star systems within a galaxy. It varies hugely in composition, and contains atomic, molecular and ionic particles as well as cosmic radiation. Cardelli used spectroscopy and the scattered-light characteristics to identify the elements within.
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On This Day – Sep 08 : Cholera outbreak

He mapped cholera outbreaks and rightly suspected the London water was contaminated. He removed the handle of the street pump in Broadwick Street in London, and now a “John Snow” pub stands beside the site of the original pump in his honour.
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On This Day - Oct 08 : Le Chatelier was born

He is best known for Le Châtelier’s principle, which predicts the effect of changing the concentration, partial pressure, volume or temperature on the position of equilibrium in a chemical reaction – if there are changes to these factors then the equilibrium will shift to counteract that change.
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On This Day - Nov 08 : Xrays discovered

He produced the first X-ray images picturing the bones in his wife’s hand. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 “in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him.”
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On This Day - Dec 08 : Roentgenium discovered

The name roentgenium (Rg) was proposed in honour of the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, and was accepted as a permanent name on November 1, 2004.
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On This Day - Mar 09 : Stanley Thompson was born

He led the Berkeley team, which included Glenn Seaborg, in the discovery of seven new actinide elements: americium (Am), berkelium (Bk), curium (Cm) californium (Cf), einsteinium (Es), fermium (Fm) and mendelevium (Md).
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On This Day - May 09 : Manfred Eigen was born

He pioneered new methods, called “relaxation techniques”, for studying extremely fast chemical reactions induced by high-frequency sound waves. Eigen was awarded the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Ronald Norrish and George Porter for these methods.
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On This Day - Jul 09 : Ben Mottelson was born

Together with Aage N. Bohr and James Rainwater, Mottelson developed models of the atomic nucleus that considered the effects of internal structure on properties such as charge distribution. The trio won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics.
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On This Day – Sep 09 : Seaborgium discovery

Seaborg became the first living person to have an element – seaborgium (Sg) – named after him. He shared the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Edwin McMillan for their discoveries of many transuranium elements.
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On This Day - Oct 09 : Hermann Fischer was born

He developed the Fischer esterification reaction and the Fischer projection model for drawing asymmetic carbon atoms. His most famous work was on sugars, and his greatest success was the synthesis of glucose, fructose and mannose from glycerol.
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On This Day - Nov 09 : Darmstadtium was created

It was made by a nuclear fusion reaction involving an isotope of lead (Pb) and an isotope of nickel (Ni). Darmstadtium decays within a thousandth of a second, and therefore an observable amount has never been isolated.
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On This Day - Mar 10 : Charles Hatchett died

He first discovered an element that he named columbium but was later rediscovered by German chemist Heinrich Rose and was named niobium (Nb).
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On This Day - May 10 : Caesium was discovered

Caesium (Cs) was discovered in spring waters by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchoff. Although they were the first to identify the new element, Carl Setterberg was the first to isolate the metal itself.
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On This Day - Jun 10 : André-Marie Ampère died

He was the founder of the study of electrodynamics. He described how two wires carrying current either repel or attract one another depending on whether the current flows in the same or opposite direction. The SI unit of current is named in his honour.
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On This Day – Jul 10 : Onnes made liquid helium

Helium has the lowest boiling point of the elements at -269 °C, or 4 Kelvin on the absolute temperature scale. It must be cooled down to between 1 and 4 K to exist as a liquid. For this work, Onnes won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913.
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On This Day – Sep 10 : DNA fingerprinting

He identified that every individual has a unique genetic code, so people could be identified by their genetic fingerprints. The technique has since helped to solve crime investigations and allowed the identification of family members in paternity cases.
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On This Day - Oct 10 : First demo of cyclotron

The cyclotron is one of the earliest types of particle accelerators, similar to those used by the European Organization for Nuclear Research, also known as CERN. It uses electric and magnetic fields to accelerate charged particles.
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On This Day - Dec 10 : Alfred Nobel died

Nobel spent his life devoted to the study of explosives and their safe manufacture. He amassed a great amount of wealth during his career and left the majority in trust to fund the awards now known as Nobel Prizes.