Forming a cloud in a bottle

Demonstrate the conditions needed for condensation to occur with this quick and easy demonstration that you can use with both 11–14 and 16–18 learners. Explore particle models of liquids and gases, collision theory, evaporation and condensation with key stage 3 and equivalent learners. Then build on these ideas with post-16 students, using the demonstration to explain partial/vapour pressure and thermal equilibrium. Download the technician notes for health and safety information, a kit list and teaching advice from Declan Fleming.