All Structure and bonding articles – Page 15
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Lesson planWhat are hydrogen bonds? | 16-18 years
Help students explore hydrogen bonding and discover where hydrogen bonds are found using this lesson plan with activities for 16–18 year olds.
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Lesson planHow do atoms form the ions in ionic compounds? | 16-18 years
Check students’ understanding of why atoms form ions, and how ionic compounds form by ionic bonding, using this lesson plan with activities for 16–18 year olds.
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Lesson planHow are crystals made? | 11-14 years
Use this lesson plan for 11–14 year olds to introduce the idea that crystals form as a substance cools, and explore how cooling rate affects crystal size.
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FeatureSalty solvents – ionic really
Ionic compounds are usually high melting point solids. But mix together a powdered organic salt with aluminium chloride and the result is a clear, colourless, 'ionic liquid'
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ResourceCrystal chemistry
Find practical experiments, an interview and other activities for 11–16 year olds, examining the chemistry of crystals in scientific and everyday contexts.



