All Resource articles – Page 22
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ResourceChromatography: Techniques
Learn about two fundamental techniques underpinned by chromatography: high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
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ResourceNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: Hydrogen
Numclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is particularly useful in the identification of the positions of hydrogen atoms (1H) in molecules. This is an invaluable technique in the identification of organic compounds and commonly used in analytical laboratories
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ResourceInternational Year of the Periodic Table activities
In celebration of the International Year of the Periodic Table, explore the chemical elements using innovative and interactive resources
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ResourceIYPT activities: periodic table bingo
An exciting take on an important topic – periodic table bingo is a fun and engaging way to learn about the elements, their symbols and their uses. It can be differentiated to varying abilities and adapted to different levels or specifications
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ResourceIYPT activities: build an atom simulator activity sheet
Visualise the abstract topic of atomic structure with an interactive simulation. The activity sheet gives a structured plan which can be used to focus independent exploration
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ResourceUltraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy: Explanation of colour
Why do some compounds appear certain colours? The electron configuration of transition metal complexes is essential in understanding their behaviour. Understand the theory of how d-orbitals influence colour through their shape and crystal field splitting
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ResourceUltraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis): The origin of colour in organic compounds
DIscover how unsaturation in organic compounds leads to colour. Such electon configuration allows transitions between orbitals of lower energy and antibonding orbitals occur when electromagnetic radiation of suitable energy is absorbed by the molecule.
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ResourceUltraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy: Colour in transition metal compounds
Transition elements are found in the d-block of the periodic table and the most interesting feature of transition metal compounds is that most are highly coloured.
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ResourceInfrared (IR) spectroscopy: More complicated molecules
Learn about the fundamental physics responsible for the IR spectra of more complicated molecules. Bringing together vibrational modes, bond strengths and dipole moments — and how these translate to the recorded spectra.
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ResourceInfrared (IR) spectroscopy: Energy levels
Infrared spectroscopy reflects the type of bonding present within a molecule, learn how the energy levels of bond vibrations and dipole moments contribute to the frequencies observed
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ResourceInfrared (IR) spectroscopy: Uses of IR spectroscopy
Infrared spectroscopy is a valuable technique in analytical chemistry. Learn about how spectra arise and the instruments used to measure them
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ResourceInfrared (IR) spectroscopy
Absorption of infrared radiation brings about changes in molecular vibrations within molecules and ‘measurements’ of the ways in which bonds vibrate gives rise to infrared spectroscopy. Atom size, bond length and bond strength vary in molecules and so the frequency at which a particular bond absorbs infrared radiation will be different over a range of bonds and modes of vibration.
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ResourceIntroduction to spectroscopy
Get back to basics with this primer on the principles of spectroscopic techniques, including infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). To make it even easier, each technique has clear explanations and descriptions supported by animations.
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ResourceChromatography
Chromatography covers a broad range of physical methods used to separate and/or analyse complex mixtures. It can be preparative or analytical and has a wide range of applications.
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ResourceMass spectrometry (MS)
Mass spectrometry is a powerful technique in the modern analytic laboratory. Learn the fundamental theory behind the operation of a mass spectrometer.
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ResourceUltraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy
Learn how UV-visible radiation can be used to shed light on chemical identification and how our senses percept colour. From the theory behind molecular orbitals and electronic transitions to the application of this technique with relatable examples. Includes examples and interactive simulations to aid understanding.
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ResourceNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
Discover how nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy works, with this series of topics breaking down the fundamental theory. Covering the electronic environment of atoms right up to demonstrating the practical identification of molecules. Includes examples and interactive simulations to aid understanding.
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ResourceStarters for 10: Advanced level 1 (16–18)
This chapter in our Starters for ten series covers quantitative chemistry, atomic structure, bonding, trends in the periodic table, organic chemistry, thermodynamics, kinetics, equilibria, redox, analysis and experimental skills.
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ResourceSmartphone spectrometer
Make your own spectrometer with a DVD and a smartphone camera. This resource includes teacher, technician, and student guides.
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ResourceScience concept cartoons: exothermic and endothermic reactions
Spark discussion and stimulate thinking about exothermic and endothermic reactions in a way that encourages pupils to share their ideas.